6th International Thematic Monograph – Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era

Determinants of Employment in Travel and Tourism Industries in EU: A Panel Data Estimation​
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Darja Boršič   –   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Lea Žižek   –   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia

DOI:   https://doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2021-2022.549
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Abstract:     This chapter presents tourism indicators and determinants of employment in tourism activities in the Member States of the European Union, analyzed for the period from 1995 to 2019. The analysis of countries’ travel and tourism contribution to gross domestic product and employment shows the development and causes of each EU members’ position in this field in the observed period. The countries that had both, the lowest aver­age percentage of contribution to employment and GDP, during the ana­lyzed period are Slovak Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Romania, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The group of countries that had the highest average contri­bution of tourism and tourism related industries to employment and GDP included Austria, Croatia, Greece, and Malta. The empirical analysis applied panel data techniques in order to estimate the determinants of employment in tourism industries, such as capital investment in tourism activities, and domestic and foreign tourism spending. Results confirm the positive effect of investment and domestic and foreign spending on employment in tour­ism industries as well as in tourism-related industries. 

Keywords:   Domestic tourism spending; Foreign tourism spending; Capital investment in tourism activities; Fixed effects models;
Random effects model

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